Paper Reviews
"HIV-specific cytolytic CD4 T cell responses during acute HIV infection predict disease outcome"
Damien Z. Soghoian, Heiko Jessen, Michael Flanders, Kailan Sierra-Davidson, Sam Cutler, Thomas Pertel, Srinika Ranasinghe, Madelene Lindqvist, Isaiah Davis, Kimberly Lane, Jenna Rychert, Eric S. Rosenberg, Alicja Piechocka-Trocha, Abraham L. Brass, Jason M. Brenchley, Bruce D. Walker, and Hendrik Streeck
This paper is important because it showed that HIV specific CD4 cells are significant in dealing with the HIV infection because CD4 T cell act as an immunological predictor in the outcome of the disease. From this knowledge, scientists can target the early stages of the HIV infection to try and increase the CD4 T cell responses in order to control the rate of replication by the virus (#4)
"Seamless modification of wild-type induced pluripotent stem cells to the natural CCR5Δ32 mutation confers resistance to HIV infection"
Lin Yea,Jiaming Wanga, Ashley I. Beyerc, Fernando Tequea, Thomas J. Cradicke, Zhongxia Qib, Judy C. Changa, Gang Baoe, Marcus O. Muenchb, Jingwei Yub, Jay A. Levyd, and Yuet Wai Kana
This paper is important because the CCR5Δ32 mutation has been resistant to the HIV-1 infection which means that in the future, it will be possible to utilize this mutation and create cells that will be resistant to the infection and transfer them into patients. This method has the potential to become a cure in the future if we can successfully get it to work.(#5)
"Harnessing the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt latent HIV-1 provirus"
Hirotaka Ebina, Naoko Misawa, Yuka Kanemura & Yoshio Koyanagi
This is important because the CRISPR Cas9 system presents a significant opportunity to treat and possibly cure the HIV infection. This process would allow the CRISPR Cas9 editing system to cut out the HIV-1 genome which would prevent it from being expressed. Further information on the Crispr Cas9 process can be read here.(#6)
Abstract
Abstract
"Long-Term Control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 Stem-Cell Transplantation"
Gero Hütter, M.D., Daniel Nowak, M.D., Maximilian Mossner, B.S., Susanne Ganepola, M.D., Arne Müßig, M.D., Kristina Allers, Ph.D., Thomas Schneider, M.D., Ph.D., Jörg Hofmann, Ph.D., Claudia Kücherer, M.D., Olga Blau, M.D., Igor W. Blau, M.D., Wolf K. Hofmann, M.D., and Eckhard Thiel, M.D.
This paper is important because it provides evidence that the 32-bp deletion can be key to HIV resistance and shows that this 32bp deletion is important in HIV resistance. In this paper they transfered hematopoetic stem cells that with DNA that had a mutated CCR5 allele to a patient with HIV and the patient has seemed to be "cured" without needing further treatment for the disease. This patient was known as the Berlin patient and was the first person to be sucessfully cured of HIV. Further information about this patient can be read here. (#16)